Data byte insertion circuitry

ABSTRACT

A data byte insertion circuit includes circuitry to generate derivative intermediate data words from input data words of a current and a preceding cycle, repositioning data bytes of the input data words before and after data byte insertion points of the current and preceding cycles, and circuitry to generate re-aligned variants of insertion data bytes of the current cycle. The data byte insertion circuit further includes circuitry to generate a number of multi-bit data bit selection masks, and circuitry to generate an output data word by conditionally using selected parts of the derivate intermediate data words and the re-aligned variants of the insertion data bytes, in accordance with the multi-bit data bit selection masks.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0001] 1. Field of the Invention

[0002] The present invention relates to the field of integrated circuits. More specifically, the present invention relates to data byte insertion circuitry.

[0003] 2. Background Information

[0004] Advances in integrated circuit technology have led to the birth and proliferation of a wide variety of integrated circuits, including but not limited to application specific integrated circuits, micro-controllers, digital signal processors, general purpose microprocessors, and network processors. At least some of these integrated circuits are known to have implemented data byte insertion circuitry for inserting data bytes into a stream of data words processed over a number of cycles. Typically, the displaced data bytes in a cycle are stored and tracked, and placed into the appropriate data byte positions of the data word the following cycle. However, experimentation has shown that these typical prior art approaches may not be the most efficient approach, especially with respect to the amount of surface area the circuit consumes, to facilitating data byte insertion of any number of data bytes into any position of a current data word, at any time, in the course of processing a stream of data words over a number of cycles.

[0005] As those skilled in the art would appreciate, modern integrated circuits are dense and complex, packing millions of transistors into a very small area. Thus, all reductions in surface area consumption by any circuit are desired.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0006] The present invention will be described by way of exemplary embodiments, but not limitations, illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which like references denote similar elements, and in which:

[0007]FIG. 1 illustrates an overview of the data byte insertion circuit of the present invention, for inserting any number of data bytes, starting at any arbitrary data byte position of an input data word of a current cycle, at any time in the processing of a stream of data words over a number of processing cycles, in accordance with one embodiment;

[0008]FIGS. 2a-2 b illustrate the input data word alignment unit of FIG. 1 for re-aligning an input data word of a current cycle in further detail, in accordance with one embodiment;

[0009]FIGS. 3a-3 c illustrate the input data word alignment unit of FIG. 1 for re-aligning an input data word of a preceding cycle in further detail, in accordance with one embodiment;

[0010]FIGS. 4a-4 b illustrate the insertion data byte alignment unit of FIG. 1 for re-aligning a number of insertion data bytes in further detail, in accordance with one embodiment;

[0011]FIGS. 5a-5 b illustrate the control registers of the control section of FIG. 1, for storing control information, and their associated circuitry, in further detail, in accordance with one embodiment;

[0012]FIG. 5c illustrates the data buffer of the control section of FIG. 1, for storing a copy of an input data word of a preceding cycle, and its associated circuitry, in further detail, in accordance with one embodiment;

[0013]FIG. 5d illustrates the data bit selection mask circuitry of the control section of FIG. 1, for generating a number of multi-bit data bit selection masks, in further detail, in accordance with one embodiment; and

[0014]FIG. 6 illustrates the data merging portion of the data byte insertion circuit of FIG. 1 in further detail, in accordance with one embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0015] The present invention includes a data byte insertion circuit for inserting any number of data bytes into an input data word of a current cycle (up to an entire data word), starting at any arbitrary data byte position of the input data word of the current cycle, at any time in the course of processing a stream of data words (e.g. from a data bus) over a number of processing cycles, i.e. in any processing cycle (hereinafter, simply cycle). In other words, the number of data bytes to be inserted in any cycle may be anywhere from zero number of data bytes to a data word, and the insertion data bytes may be inserted before the input data word of the current cycle, after the input data word of the current cycle, or anywhere in between.

[0016] For ease of understanding, the present invention will be described in the context of an embodiment where the data word has a word size of eight (8) data bytes. Accordingly, the starting data byte insertion position may assume a value between 0-8, with the value 8 denoting insertion before a data word, and the value 0 denoting insertion after a data word. However, the present invention is not so limited. As will be apparent from the description to follow, the present invention may be practiced with any data word size, as well as employing other conventions to denote the data byte insertion point.

[0017] Further, in the following description, various configurations of storage elements and combinatorial logics will be described, to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention may be practiced without some of the specific details or with alternate storage elements and/or combinatorial logics. In other instances, well-known features are omitted or simplified in order not to obscure the present invention.

[0018] The description to follow repeatedly uses the phrase “in one embodiment”, which ordinarily does not refer to the same embodiment, although it may. The terms “comprising”, “having”, “including” and the like, as used in the present application, including in the claims, are synonymous.

[0019] Overview

[0020] Referring now to FIG. 1, wherein a block diagram illustrating an overview of the data byte insertion circuit 100 of the present invention, in accordance with one embodiment, is shown. As illustrated, for the embodiment, data byte insertion circuit 100 of the present invention includes a number of input data word re-alignment units 102 a-102 b, insertion value alignment unit 104, control section 106 and data merger 108, coupled to one another as shown. More specifically, input data word re-alignment units 102 a-102 b include two variants of such units, one each for processing an input data word of a current and a preceding cycle.

[0021] In each cycle, input signals received by data byte insertion circuit 100 include in particular input data word (data_in) 112, number of data bytes to be inserted in the current cycle (# of ins bytes) 114, the insertion position (ins_pos) 116, and the data bytes to be inserted (insert value) 118. Additionally, the input signals include a data request signal (request_in) 110, when set, denoting a question to insert circuit 100, asking whether another input data word is to be provided in the next cycle. The output signals include merged data 120, i.e. modified data_in reflecting the data bytes to be inserted (if any), and a request_out signal 122, when set, denoting that additional input data word is to be provided in the next cycle.

[0022] In other words, in the course of processing a stream of data words over a number of cycles, data byte insertion circuit 100 may be involved to insert successive quantities of data bytes into the stream of data words. As those skilled in the art would appreciate, once data byte insertion circuit 100 is involved to insert the first group of data bytes, typically some data bytes of the then current data word will be displaced, and has to be cascaded into the subsequent data words. The displacement effect continues until eventually the cumulative displacement effects of the successive quantities of data bytes inserted result in a net of zero data bytes being displaced into the data word of the next cycle. At such time, data byte insertion circuit 100 may deassert request_out 122, and involvement of circuit 100 in the processing of the stream of data words may cease, until the next group of data bytes to be inserted are encountered.

[0023] Note that in any cycle, data_in 112, # of ins bytes 114, ins pos 116 and insert value 118 may all be zero, while data byte insertion circuit 100 is still involved in the processing of the stream of data words, to cascade down the displacement effect of the earlier insertion or insertions.

[0024] Continuing to refer to FIG. 1, input data word re-alignment unit 102 a for the input data word of a current cycle is employed to generate two intermediate data words, one each for the data bytes before the data byte insertion point of the current cycle and the data bytes after the data byte insertion point the current cycle. More specifically, the two intermediate data words include the two groups of data bytes repositioned within the two intermediate data words respectively. The data bytes before the data byte insertion point of the current cycle (which may be none) are re-positioned within one of the intermediate data words reflecting the net alignment impacts cascaded from prior cycles (up through the preceding cycle), whereas the data bytes after the data byte insertion point of the current cycle (which may be none) are re-positioned within the other intermediate data word reflecting the net alignment impacts cascaded from prior cycles (up through the preceding cycle) as well as the number of data bytes to be inserted in the current cycle (which may be none). In one embodiment, only the first intermediate data word (of the 3 data words resulted from the operation) is saved, to reduce hardware requirement.

[0025] Similarly, input data word re-alignment unit 102 b for the input data word of a preceding cycle is employed to generate two additional intermediate data words, one each for the data bytes before the data byte insertion point of the preceding cycle (which may be none) and the data bytes after the data byte insertion point the preceding cycle (which may be none). More specifically, the two additional intermediate data words include the two groups of data bytes (if applicable) repositioned within the two additional intermediate data words respectively. The data bytes before the data byte insertion point of the preceding cycle (if any) are re-positioned within one of the additional intermediate data words reflecting the net alignment impacts cascaded from cycles prior to the preceding cycle, whereas the data bytes after the data byte insertion point of the preceding cycle (if any) are re-positioned within the other additional intermediate data word reflecting the net alignment impacts cascaded from cycles prior to the preceding cycle as well as the number of data bytes to be inserted in the preceding cycle (if any). In one embodiment, only the second intermediate data word (of the 3 data words resulted from the operation) is saved, to reduce hardware requirement.

[0026] In other words, unlike the prior art, where the data bytes displaced in a cycle as a result of an insertion are stored and tracked, and then placed into the data word of the following cycle accordingly, under the present invention, to determine the output data word of each cycle, the insertion effect, if any, of the preceding cycle is re-determined concurrently as the insertion effect, if any, of the current cycle is being determined. Experimentation shows that the re-determination approach of the present invention actually results in a circuit that consumes less surface area of an integrated circuit.

[0027] Still referring to FIG. 1, insertion value alignment unit 104 is employed to realign the insertion data word of the current cycle (if any), in at least two ways, generating two variants of the realigned insertion values for use in the determination of the insertion impacts to the data word of the current and the preceding cycle.

[0028] Control section 106, as will be described in further detail later, includes a number of control registers (and their associated circuitry), a data buffer, and a mask generator. The control registers are employed to store a number of control information, including in particular, net alignment impact cascaded from prior cycles, and whether an overflow condition occurred in the preceding cycle. The data buffer is employed to store the input data word of the preceding cycle, to facilitate the earlier described concurrent re-determination of the insertion impact (if any) of the preceding cycle. The mask generator, as will be described in more detail later, is employed to generate a number of multi-bit data bit selection masks for use by data merger 108 to form output data word 120 of each cycle.

[0029] Data merger 108 accordingly, is employed to form output data word 120 of each cycle, conditionally using selected portions of the intermediate data words generated by input data word alignment unit 102, and re-aligned insertion data bytes generated by insertion value alignment unit 104, in accordance with the multi-bit data bit selection masks generated by the mask generator of control section 106.

[0030] At least one embodiment each of the various units and sections, including the manner they cooperate with each other, will be described in more detail in turn below.

[0031] Input Data Word Alignment Unit

[0032]FIGS. 2a-b illustrate the input data word alignment unit 102 a for generating the intermediate data words with the data bytes preceding and following the data byte insertion point of the current cycle (if any) repositioned appropriately within the intermediate data words, in further detail, in accordance with one embodiment. As alluded to earlier, the embodiment assumes the size of each data word processed in each cycle to be 64 bits (eight (8) bytes). Further, the data byte insertion position is denoted in an unconventional manner with the data byte insertion position “8” denoting that the insertion is to be made before the input data word of the current cycle, and “0” denoting that the insertion is to be made after the input data word of the current cycle. However, these are not limitations to the present invention, which may be practiced with data words of larger or smaller sizes, and with alternate conventions in denoting the data byte insertion position.

[0033] As illustrated in FIG. 2a-b, input data word alignment unit 102 a for generating the intermediate data words comprises two portions, portion 102 aa and 102 ab. Portion 102 aa is employed to generate a pre-insertion data byte position of the current cycle (pre ins post cc), a post-insertion data byte position of the current cycle (post ins pos cc), a pre-insertion shift amount of the current cycle (pre ins shift amt cc) and a post-insertion shift amount of the current cycle (post ins shift amt cc); whereas portion 102 ab is employed to use the above described pointers and shift amounts of the current cycle to generate the two earlier described intermediate data words of the current cycle.

[0034] Pre-insertion data byte position of the current cycle (pre ins post cc) points to the data byte position after which the insertion data bytes of the current cycle (if any) are to be made. Post-insertion data byte position of the current cycle (post ins pos cc) points to the data byte position at which the insertion data bytes of the current cycle end. Pre-insertion shift amount of the current cycle (pre ins shift amt cc) denotes the amount of shifting (in units of data bytes) to be applied to the input data word of the current cycle to generate the intermediate data word having the pre-insertion data bytes of the input data word of the current cycle (if any) re-positioned appropriately. Post-insertion shift amount of the current cycle (post ins shift amt cc) denotes the amount of shifting (in units of data bytes) to be applied to the input data word of the current cycle to generate the intermediate data word having the post-insertion data bytes of the input data word of the current cycle (if any) re-positioned appropriately.

[0035] As illustrated in FIG. 2a, portion 102 aa includes a number of arithmetic operators 202 a-202 c and 204 coupled to the one another as shown. In particular, for the embodiment, arithmetic operators 204 and 202 b are employed to subtract the data byte insert position (ins pos) from the data word size “8” (in units of data bytes) and then add the difference to a saved net alignment impact cascaded from prior cycles to generate the earlier described pre-insertion point of the current cycle (pre ins pos cc). As will be described in more detail below, the net alignment impact cascaded from prior cycles (up through the preceding cycle) is saved in one of the control registers of control section 106 (and subsequently obtained there from).

[0036] Arithmetic operator 202 c facilitates adding the number of the data bytes being inserted in the current cycle to the “pre insertion” pointer to generate the post-insertion point of the current cycle (post ins pos cc).

[0037] Further, the saved net alignment impact cascaded from prior cycles is outputted as the pre-insertion data byte shift amount for the current cycle (pre ins shift amt cc), and the saved net alignment impact, having the number of insert data bytes added to it, is outputted as the post-insertion data byte shift amount for the current cycle (post ins shift amt cc).

[0038] As illustrated in FIG. 2b, portion 102 ab includes a number of additional arithmetic operators 206 a-206 b and a number of shifters 208 a-208 b correspondingly coupled to the arithmetic operators 206 a-206 b. Arithmetic operator 206 a multiplies the pre-insertion data byte shift amount by “8” (number of bits in a data byte). The result is used by shifter 208 a to shift the input data word of the current cycle (data_in cc) accordingly, generating the intermediate data word (realigned pre ins data_in cc) having the data bytes of the current input data word preceding the data byte insertion point of the current cycle (if any) re-positioned appropriately.

[0039] In like manner, arithmetic operator 206 b multiplies the post-insertion data byte shift amount by “8” (number of bits in a data byte). The result is then used by shifter 208 b to shift the input data word of the current cycle (data_in cc) accordingly, generating the intermediate data word (realigned post ins data_in cc) having the data bytes of the current input data word following the data byte insertion point of the current cycle (if any) re-positioned appropriately.

[0040]FIGS. 3a-3 c illustrate the input data word alignment unit 102 b for generating the intermediate data words with the data bytes preceding and following the data byte insertion point of the preceding cycle (if any) repositioned appropriately within the intermediate data words, in further detail, in accordance with one embodiment. As set forth earlier, the embodiment assumes the size of each data word processed in each cycle to be 64 bits (eight (8) bytes), and the data byte insertion position is denoted as earlier described.

[0041] As illustrated in FIGS. 3a-3 c, input data word alignment unit 102 b for generating the intermediate data words comprises three portions, portion 102 ba, portion 102 bb, and portion 102 bc. Portion 102 ba, similar to part of its counterpart, portion 102 aa of input data word alignment unit 102 a, is employed to generate a pre-insertion data byte position of the preceding cycle (pre ins post pc) and a post-insertion data byte position of the preceding cycle (post ins pos pc). Portion 102 bb, similar to the other part of its counterpart, portion 102 aa of input data word alignment unit 102 a, is employed to generate a pre-insertion shift amount of the preceding cycle (pre ins shift amt pc) and a post-insertion shift amount of the preceding cycle (post ins shift amt pc). Portion 102 bc, similar to its counterpart, portion 102 ab of input data word alignment unit 102 a, is employed to use the these pointers and shift amounts of the preceding cycle to generate the two earlier described intermediate data words of the preceding cycle.

[0042] Pre-insertion data byte position of the preceding cycle (pre ins post pc) points to the data byte position after which the insertion data bytes of the preceding cycle (if any) were made. Post-insertion data byte position of the preceding cycle (post ins pos pc) points to the data byte position at which the insertion data bytes of the preceding cycle ended. Pre-insertion shift amount of the preceding cycle (pre ins shift amt pc) denotes the amount of shifting (in units of data bytes) to be applied to the input data word of the preceding cycle to generate the intermediate data word having the pre-insertion data bytes of the input data word of the preceding cycle (if any) re-positioned appropriately. Post-insertion shift amount of the preceding cycle (post ins shift amt pc) denotes the amount of shifting (in units of data bytes) to be applied to the input data word of the preceding cycle to generate the intermediate data word having the post-insertion data bytes of the input data word of the preceding cycle (if any) re-positioned appropriately.

[0043] As illustrated in FIG. 3a, portion 102 ba includes an arithmetic operator 306, a number of logic operators 308 a-308 b and a number of selectors 310 a-310 b coupled to the one another as shown. In particular, for the embodiment, logical operator 308 a is employed to perform a logical AND operation on a saved pre-insertion data byte position (saved pre ins pos) and a complement of the data word size expressed in binary form (4'b1000 for the embodiment). In turn, the saved pre-insertion data byte position (saved pre ins pos) is employed by selector 310 a to select either the result of the above described AND operation or zero (4'b0000), and output the selected value as the pre-insertion data byte position of the preceding cycle (pre ins pos pc). More specifically, selector 310 a selects the result of the above described logical AND operation, and outputs the result as the pre-insertion data byte position of the preceding cycle, if the most significant bit of the saved pre-insertion data byte position amount (bit[3]) is set. Otherwise, selector 310 a selects the zero value, and outputs as the pre-insertion data byte position of the preceding cycle.

[0044] Arithmetic operator 306 is employed to subtract a saved post insertion data byte position (saved post ins pos) from the data word size in units of data bytes (4'l b1000 for the embodiment). Logical operator 308 b is employed to perform a bitwise OR logical operation on bits [4:3] of the saved post insertion data byte position (saved pos ins pos). The result of the bitwise OR operation, is in turn used by selector 310 b to select either the difference of the above described subtraction operation performed by arithmetic operator 306 or zero (4'b0000), and output the selected value as the post-insertion data byte position of the preceding cycle (post ins pos pc). More specifically, selector 310 b selects the result of the above described arithmetic operation, and outputs the result as the post insertion data byte position of the preceding cycle, if the result of the bitwise OR operation is set. Otherwise, selector 310 b selects the zero value, and outputs as the prost insertion data byte position of the preceding cycle.

[0045] As illustrated in FIG. 3b, portion 102 bb includes a logic operator 312 and a selector 314 coupled to the one another as shown. Portion 102 bb also includes signal line 316 for receiving a saved pre-insertion shift amount from control section 106, and outputting the value as pre-insertion shift amount of the preceding cycle (pre ins shift amt pc). Logical operator 312 is employed to perform a logical AND operation on a saved post-insertion shift amount (saved post ins shift amt) with a complement of the data word size in units of data bytes (4'b10000 for the embodiment). Selector 314 uses a saved overflow indicator received from control section 106 to select either the saved post-insertion shift amount or the result of the above described logical AND operation performed by logical operator 312, to output as the post insertion shift amount for the preceding cycle (post ins shift amt pc). More specifically, selector 314 selects the saved post-insertion shift amount and outputs as the post insertion shift amount for the preceding cycle, if the saved overflow indicator does not indicate an overflow. Otherwise, selector 314 selects the result of the above described logical AND operation, and outputs as the post insertion shift amount for the preceding cycle.

[0046] As illustrated in FIG. 3c, portion 102 bc includes concatenator 322, a number of additional arithmetic operators 324 a-324 b and a number of shifters 326 a-326 b correspondingly coupled to concatenator 322 and arithmetic operators 324 a-324 b. Concatenator 322 is employed to concatenate the saved data word of the preceding cycle (saved data_in) with equal number of zero bits (64{1'b0} for the embodiment). Arithmetic operators 324 a-324 b multiply the pre-insertion and post-insertion data byte shift amount generated by portion 102 bb by the data word size in units of data bytes (4'b1000 for the embodiment) respectively. The results are used by shifters 326 a and 326 b to shift the result of the concatenation operation to generate the intermediate data words (realigned pre ins data_in pc and realigned post ins data_in pc) having the pre-insertion and post-insertion data bytes of the input data word of the preceding cycle (if any) re-positioned appropriately.

[0047] Insertion Value Alignment Unit

[0048]FIGS. 4a-4 b illustrate insert value alignment unit 104 of FIG. 1 in further detail, in accordance with one embodiment. As illustrated, insert value alignment unit 104 comprises two portions, portion 104 a and portion 104 b. Portion 104 a is employed to generate a realigned variant of the insert value of the current cycle with the insert data bytes of the current cycle properly realigned within the realigned insert value. Portion 104 b is employed to generate a realigned variant of the insert value of the preceding cycle with the insert data bytes of the preceding cycle properly realigned within the realigned insert value.

[0049] As illustrated in FIG. 4a, portion 104 a comprises shifter 402 a for shifting the insert value of the current cycle based on the earlier described pre-insertion data byte position of the current cycle generated by input data word alignment unit 102 a, and outputting the shifted insert value as one realigned variant of the insert value of the current cycle.

[0050] As illustrated in FIG. 4b, portion 104 b comprises concatenator 404 and shifter 402 b coupled to each other as shown. For the embodiment, concatentor 404 concatenates the insert value of the current cycle to a data word of zero value (64{1'b0} for the embodiment), and shifter 402 b shifts the concatenated result based on a saved pre-insertion data byte position value, and outputs the result as another realigned variant of the insert value of the current cycle.

[0051] Control Section

[0052]FIGS. 5a-5 d illustrate the relevant elements of control section 106, in accordance with one embodiment. More specifically, FIGS. 5a-5 d illustrate certain control registers and their associated circuitry, a data buffer and its associated circuitry, and a mask generator, of control section 106 respectively.

[0053] As illustrated in FIG. 5a, control section 106 includes alignment register 508 and overflow register 510 for storing the earlier mentioned saved net alignment impact value, and the overflow indicator. Further, associated with these registers are arithmetic operators 502 and 504, logical operator 512, and selector 506. Arithmetic operator 502 is employed to subtract the data word size in units of data bytes (4'b1000 for the embodiment) from the previous saved net alignment impact, whereas arithmetic operator 504 adds the number of data bytes to be inserted in the current cycle (if any) to the previous saved net alignment impact. Selector 506 is employed to select one of these values for saving as the next saved net alignment impact, based on the most significant bit [3] of the previous saved net alignment impact. As illustrated, the most significant bit [3] of the previous saved net alignment impact is saved as overflow indicator. Thus, selector 506 selects among the two input values depending on whether an overflow condition exists. If the overflow condition exists, selector 506 selects the output of operator 502. Otherwise, selector 506 selects the output of operator 504.

[0054] Further, in each cycle, logical operator 512 is employed to perform a logical AND operation on the complement of the overflow indicator and request_in signal 110, and outputs the result as the earlier described request_out signal 122, denoting whether an additional data word is to be provided to data byte insert circuit 100 in the next cycle.

[0055] As illustrated in FIG. 5b, control section 106 also includes registers 522-528, and selectors 520 a-520 d correspondingly coupled to each other. Registers 522 and 524 are employed to store the earlier mentioned saved pre-insertion and post-insertion data byte positions respectively, whereas registers 526 and 528 are employed to store the earlier mentioned saved pre-insertion and post-insertion shift amount respectively. Each of selectors 520 a-520 d selects an appropriate one of its input values for saving as the saved pre-insertion and post-insertion data byte positions, and the saved pre-insertion and post-insertion shift amounts, based on the state of the request_in 110 and the current overflow condition. More specifically, if request_in 110 is set, and the overflow condition does not exist, each of selectors 520 a-520 d selects the corresponding value of the current cycle, i.e. the pre-insertion and post-insertion data byte positions of the current cycle, and the pre-insertion and post-insertion shift amount of the current cycle. If the overflow condition exists, selectors 520 a-520 b select and save the corresponding values of the preceding cycle instead. No shift amount is selected and saved for registers 526 and 528. As illustrated in FIG. 5c, control section 106 also includes buffer 534 and selector 532 coupled to each other. Buffer 534 is employed to store the input data word of the preceding cycle. Selector 532 is employed to facilitate the saving when the request_in signal 110 is set, and there is no overflow condition.

[0056] As illustrated in FIG. 5d, the mask generator of control section 106 includes a number of shifters 542 a-542 e and a number of logical operators 554 a-544 d and 546 a-546 b, coupled to each other as shown. Shifters 542 a-542 e are employed to shift a data word of 1-bits based on the saved net alignment impact, the pre-insertion data byte position of the current cycle, the post-insertion data byte position of the current cycle, pre-insertion data byte position of the preceding cycle, and the post-insertion data byte position of the preceding cycle respectively.

[0057] The output of shifter 542 a is output as the pre-alignment mask of the current cycle. The outputs of shifters 542 b and 542 c are AND'd with the output of shifter 542 a, using logical operators 544 a and 544 b; and a bitwise OR operation is performed on the results, using logical operator 546 a. The result is outputted as the combined pre-insertion data byte mask.

[0058] In like manner, the outputs of shifters 542 d and 542 e are AND'd with the output of shifter 542 a, using logical operators 544 c and 544 d; and a bitwise OR operation is performed on the results, using logical operator 546 b. The result is outputted as the combined post-insertion data byte mask.

[0059] As will be described in more detail below, the three masks, pre-align mask of the current cycle, and the two combined masks are employed to conditionally select the different parts of the earlier described intermediate data words, and re-aligned variants of the insert value, to form the output data word of the current cycle.

[0060] Data Merge

[0061]FIG. 6 illustrates data merger 108 of FIG. 1 in further detail, in accordance with one embodiment. As illustrated, data merger 108 includes merge data calculation circuit 602, selector 604 and output register 606, coupled to each other as shown. Output register 606 is employed to hold the merged data word to be outputted. Selector 604 is employed to select the zero value to initialize output register 606 during power on/reset, and select the output of calculation circuit 602 for saving into output register 606 to form the output data word.

[0062] As alluded to earlier and illustrated, calculation circuit 602 forms the output data word by conditionally employing selected parts of the intermediate data words, and the re-aligned variants of the insert value, in accordance with the multi-bit data bit selection masks described earlier. More specifically, calculation circuit 602 selects the data bits of the output data word as given by the following hardware description (expressed in Verilog), For (ii=0; ii<data_word_size; ii=ii+1) begin For (jj=0; jj<8; jj=jj+1) case ({mask_prealign_p0[ii], maskcomb_preins_p1[ii], maskcomb_postins_p1[ii]}) 3′b110: data[ii*8+jj] = data_preins_pc[ii*8+jj]; 3′b100: data[ii*8+jj] = value_ofst_pc[ii*8+jj]; 3′b101: data[ii*8+jj] = data_postins_pc[ii*8+jj]; 3′b010: data[ii*8+jj] = data_preins_cc[ii*8+jj]; 3′b000: data[ii*8+jj] = value_ofst_cc[ii*8+jj]; 3′b001: data[ii*8+jj] = data_postins_cc[ii*8+jj]; default: data[ii*8+jj] = 1′b0 end end where data_word_size is in bytes; data_preins_cc and data_post_cc are the earlier described intermediate data words of the current cycle;

[0063] Conclusion and Epilogue

[0064] Thus, it can be seen from the above descriptions, an improved data byte insertion circuit has been described. While the present invention has been described in terms of the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize that the invention is not limited to these embodiments. The present invention may be practiced with modification and alteration within the spirit and scope of the appended claims. Thus, the description is to be regarded as illustrative instead of restrictive on the present invention. 

What is claimed is:
 1. An apparatus for inserting one or more data bytes into a stream of data words, comprising: a first circuit to generate a first and a second intermediate data word correspondingly containing first and second zero or more data bytes of a first data word of a preceding cycle, said first and second zero or more data bytes being data bytes that precede and follow a first data byte insertion point of the preceding cycle respectively, and said first and second zero or more data bytes being repositioned within said first and second intermediate data words respectively, with said first zero or more data bytes being repositioned within said first intermediate data word relative to cascaded alignment impact of cycles prior to said preceding cycle, and said second zero or more data bytes being repositioned within said second intermediate data word relative to said cascaded alignment impact of cycles prior to said preceding cycle, said first data byte insertion point of the preceding cycle, and a first number of data bytes inserted after said first data byte insertion point of the preceding cycle; a second circuit to generate a first re-aligned variant of a first insertion data word containing said first number of data bytes inserted during said preceding cycle; and a third circuit coupled to said first and second circuits to generate an output data word conditionally using selected parts of said first and second intermediate data words, and said first re-aligned variant of the first insertion data word.
 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said first circuit comprises an arithmetic operator, a first and a second logic operator, a first selector coupled to said first logic operator, and a second selector coupled to said arithmetic operator and said second logic operator to generate a first position pointer pointing to a first data byte position after which said data byte insertion of the preceding cycle began, and a second position pointer pointing to a second data byte position at which said data byte insertion of the preceding cycle ended, respectively.
 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said apparatus further comprises a register to a store a shift amount for shifting said first data word of the preceding cycle to generate said first intermediate data word with said first zero or more data bytes before said first data byte insertion point of the preceding cycle repositioned relative to cascaded alignment impact of cycles prior to said preceding cycle; and said first circuit comprises an arithmetic operator and a selector coupled to the arithmetic operator to generate a second shift amount for shifting said first data word of the preceding cycle to generate said second intermediate data word with said second zero or more data bytes after said first data byte insertion point of the preceding cycle repositioned relative to said cascaded alignment impact of cycles prior said preceding cycle, said first data byte insertion point of the preceding cycle, and said first number of data bytes inserted after said first data byte insertion point of the preceding cycle.
 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said first circuit further comprises a bit concatenator, a plurality of arithmetic operators, and a plurality of shifters correspondingly coupled to the concatenator and the arithmetic operators to generate said first and second intermediate data words with said first and second zero or more data bytes repositioned accordingly.
 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said second circuit comprises a concatenator and a shifter coupled to the concatenator to generate said re-aligned variant of said first insertion data word containing said first number of data bytes inserted.
 6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said third circuit comprises data bit selection logic that conditionally selects data bits from said first and second intermediate data words and said first re-aligned variant of the first insertion data word to form said output data word.
 7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein said selection logic conditionally selects data bits from said first and second intermediate data words and said first re-aligned variant of the first insertion data word to form said output data word, in accordance with a plurality of multi-bit data bit selection masks.
 8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein said selection logic conditionally selects a data bit from said first intermediate data word if the corresponding data bits of said data bit selection masks form a “110” data bit pattern, from said second intermediate data word if the corresponding data bits of said data bit selection masks form a “101” data bit pattern, and from said first re-aligned variant of the first insertion data word if the corresponding data bits of said data bit selection masks form a “100” data bit pattern.
 9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said apparatus further comprises one or more registers for storing at least a selected one of said first data word, a first shift amount said first data word was shifted to accommodate cascaded alignment impact of cycles prior to said preceding cycle, a second shift amount said first data word was shifted to accommodate cascaded alignment impact of cycles prior to said preceding cycle and said first number of data bytes inserted after said first data byte insertion point of the preceding cycle, a first data byte position after which said first number of data bytes of the preceding cycle was inserted, a second data byte position at which insertion of said first number of data bytes of the preceding cycle ended, and an overflow indicator indicating an insertion overflow condition.
 10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus further comprises fourth circuitry to generate a plurality of multi-bit data bit selection masks for use by said third circuitry in forming said output data word, conditionally using selected parts of said first and second intermediate data words, and said first re-aligned variant of the first insertion data word.
 11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein said fourth circuitry comprises a plurality of shifters, a first plurality of logical operators correspondingly coupled to selected ones of said shifters, and a second plurality of logical operators correspondingly coupled to selected ones of said first logical operators for generating said multi-bit data bit selection masks.
 12. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein a fourth circuit to generate a third and a fourth intermediate data word correspondingly containing third and fourth zero or more data bytes of a second data word of a current cycle, said third and fourth zero or more data bytes being data bytes that precede and follow a second data byte insertion point of the current cycle respectively, and said third and fourth zero or more data bytes being repositioned within said third and fourth intermediate data words respectively, with said third zero or more data bytes being repositioned within said third intermediate data word relative to cascaded alignment impact of cycles prior to said current cycle, and said fourth zero or more data bytes being repositioned within said fourth intermediate data word relative to said cascaded alignment impact of cycles prior to said current cycle, said second data byte insertion point of the current cycle, and a second number of data bytes to be inserted after said data byte insertion point of the current cycle; a fifth circuit to generate a second re-aligned variant of a second insertion data word containing said second number of data bytes of the current cycle to be inserted; and said third circuit is also coupled to said third and fourth circuits, and conditionally uses selected parts of said third and fourth intermediate data words, and said second re-aligned variant of the second insertion data word to generate said output data word.
 13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein said fourth circuit comprises a plurality of arithmetic operators selectively coupled to each other in a pre-determined manner to generate a first position pointer pointing to a first data byte position after which said second data byte insertion of the current cycle began, and a second position pointer pointing to a second data byte position at which said second data byte insertion of the current cycle ended, respectively.
 14. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein said apparatus further comprises a register to a store a shift amount for shifting said second data word of the current cycle to generate said third intermediate data word with said third zero or more data bytes before said second data byte insertion point of the current cycle repositioned relative to cascaded alignment impact of cycles prior to said current cycle; and said fourth circuit comprises an arithmetic operator coupled to the register to generate a second shift amount for shifting said second data word of the current cycle to generate said fourth intermediate data word with said fourth zero or more data bytes after said second data byte insertion point of the current cycle repositioned relative to said cascaded alignment impact of cycles prior to said current cycle, said second data byte insertion point of the current cycle, and said second number of data bytes inserted after said second data byte insertion point of the current cycle.
 15. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein said fourth circuit further comprises a plurality of arithmetic operators and a plurality of shifters correspondingly coupled to the arithmetic operators to generate said third and fourth intermediate data words with said third and fourth zero or more data bytes repositioned accordingly.
 16. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein said fifth circuit comprises a shifter to generate said re-aligned variant of said second insertion data word of the current cycle, containing said second number of data bytes of the current cycle to be inserted.
 17. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein said third circuit comprises data bit selection logic that conditionally selects data bits from said third and fourth intermediate data words and said second re-aligned variant of the second insertion data word to form said output data word.
 18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein said selection logic conditionally selects data bits from said third and fourth intermediate data words and said second re-aligned variant of the second insertion data word to form said output data word, in accordance with a plurality of multi-bit data bit selection masks.
 19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein said selection logic conditionally selects a data bit from said third intermediate data word if the corresponding data bits of said data bit selection masks form a “010” data bit pattern, from said fourth intermediate data word if the corresponding data bits of said data bit selection masks form a “001” data bit pattern, and from said second re-aligned variant of the second insertion data word if the corresponding data bits of said data bit selection masks form a “000” data bit pattern.
 20. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the apparatus further comprises sixth circuitry to generate a plurality of multi-bit data bit selection masks for use by said third circuitry in forming said output data word, conditionally using selected parts of said third and fourth intermediate data words, and said second realigned variant of the second insertion data word.
 21. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein said sixth circuitry comprises a plurality of shifters, a first plurality of logical operators correspondingly coupled to selected ones of said shifters, and a second plurality of logical operators correspondingly coupled to selected ones of said first logical operators for generating said multi-bit data bit selection masks.
 22. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus is a selected one of an application specific integrated circuit, a micro-controller, a digital signal processor, a general purpose microprocessor, and a network processor.
 23. An apparatus for inserting one or more data bytes into a stream of data words, comprising: a first circuit to generate a first and a second intermediate data word correspondingly containing first and second zero or more data bytes of a first data word of a current cycle, said first and second zero or more data bytes being data bytes that precede and follow a first data byte insertion point of the current cycle respectively, and said first and second zero or more data bytes being repositioned within said first and second intermediate data words respectively, with said first zero or more data bytes being repositioned within said first intermediate data word relative to cascaded alignment impact of cycles prior to said current cycle, and said second zero or more data bytes being repositioned within said second intermediate data word relative to said cascaded alignment impact of cycles prior to said current cycle, said first data byte insertion point of the current cycle, and a first number of data bytes to be inserted after said first data byte insertion point of the current cycle; a second circuit to generate a first re-aligned variant of a first insertion data word containing said first number of data bytes to be inserted during said current cycle; and a third circuit coupled to said first and second circuits to generate an output data word conditionally using selected parts of said first and second intermediate data words, and said first re-aligned variant of the first insertion data word.
 24. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein said first circuit comprises a plurality of arithmetic operators selectively coupled to each other in a pre-determined manner to generate a first position pointer pointing to a first data byte position after which said second data byte insertion of the current cycle began, and a second position pointer pointing to a second data byte position at which said second data byte insertion of the current cycle ended, respectively.
 25. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein said apparatus further comprises a register to a store a shift amount for shifting said first data word of the current cycle to generate said first intermediate data word with said first zero or more data bytes before said first data byte insertion point of the current cycle repositioned relative to cascaded alignment impact of cycles prior to said current cycle; and said first circuit comprises an arithmetic operator coupled to the register to generate a second shift amount for shifting said first data word of the current cycle to generate said second intermediate data word with said second zero or more data bytes after said first data byte insertion point of the current cycle repositioned relative to said cascaded alignment impact of cycles prior to said current cycle, said first data byte insertion point of the current cycle, and said first number of data bytes inserted after said first data byte insertion point of the current cycle.
 26. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein said first circuit further comprises a plurality of arithmetic operators and a plurality of shifters correspondingly coupled to the arithmetic operators to generate said first and second intermediate data words with said first and second zero or more data bytes repositioned accordingly.
 27. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein said second circuit comprises a shifter to generate said re-aligned variant of said first insertion data word of the current cycle, containing said first number of data bytes of the current cycle to be inserted.
 28. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein said third circuit comprises data bit selection logic that conditionally selects data bits from said first and second intermediate data words and said first re-aligned variant of the first insertion data word to form said output data word.
 29. The apparatus of claim 28, wherein said selection logic conditionally selects data bits from said first and second intermediate data words and said first re-aligned variant of the first insertion data word to form said output data word, in accordance with a plurality of multi-bit data bit selection masks.
 30. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein said selection logic conditionally selects a data bit from said first intermediate data word if the corresponding data bits of said data bit selection masks form a “010” data bit pattern, from said second intermediate data word if the corresponding data bits of said data bit selection masks form a “001” data bit pattern, and from said first re-aligned variant of the first insertion data word if the corresponding data bits of said data bit selection masks form a “000” data bit pattern.
 31. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the apparatus further comprises fourth circuitry to generate a plurality of multi-bit data bit selection masks for use by said third circuitry in forming said output data word, conditionally using selected parts of said first and second intermediate data words, and said first realigned variant of the first insertion data word.
 32. The apparatus of claim 31, wherein said fourth circuitry comprises a plurality of shifters, a first plurality of logical operators correspondingly coupled to selected ones of said shifters, and a second plurality of logical operators correspondingly coupled to selected ones of said first logical operators for generating said multi-bit data bit selection masks.
 33. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the apparatus is a selected one of an application specific integrated circuit, a micro-controller, a digital signal processor, a general purpose microprocessor, and a network processor.
 34. An apparatus for inserting one or more data bytes into a stream of data words, comprising: a first circuit to generate a plurality of multi-bit data bit selection masks; and a second circuit coupled to said first circuit to generate an output data word conditionally using selected parts of a first and a second intermediate data word generated from a first input data word of a current cycle, a third and a fourth intermediate data word generated from a second input data word of a preceding cycle, a first re-aligned variant of a first insertion data word of the current cycle, and a second re-aligned variant of a second insertion data word of the preceding cycle, in accordance with said data bit selection masks.
 35. The apparatus of claim 34, wherein second circuit comprises selection logic that conditionally selects a data bit from said first intermediate data word if the corresponding data bits of said data bit selection masks form a “010” data bit pattern, from said second intermediate data word if the corresponding data bits of said data bit selection masks form a “001” data bit pattern, and from said first re-aligned variant of the first insertion data word if the corresponding data bits of said data bit selection masks form a “000” data bit pattern.
 36. The apparatus of claim 34, wherein said second circuit comprises selection logic that conditionally selects a data bit from said third intermediate data word if the corresponding data bits of said data bit selection masks form a “110” data bit pattern, from said fourth intermediate data word if the corresponding data bits of said data bit selection masks form a “101” data bit pattern, and from said second re-aligned variant of the second insertion data word if the corresponding data bits of said data bit selection masks form a “100” data bit pattern.
 37. The apparatus of claim 34, wherein said first circuitry comprises a plurality of shifters, a first plurality of logical operators correspondingly coupled to selected ones of said shifters, and a second plurality of logical operators correspondingly coupled to selected ones of said first logical operators for generating said multi-bit data bit selection masks.
 38. The apparatus of claim 34, wherein the apparatus is a selected one of an application specific integrated circuit, a micro-controller, a digital signal processor, a general purpose microprocessor, and a network processor. 